Considering these traditional classification algorithms, spectral
angle mapper classification (SAM) and minimum distance classification
(MDC) are applied in our experiments. They are two transitional
classifiers for hyperspectral image classification. SAM is a physicallybased
spectral classification that uses an n-D angle to match spectral
features to reference spectrum. SAM determines the spectral similarity
between two spectra by calculating the angle between the spectra
and treating them as vectors in a space with dimensionality equal to
the number of bands [18]. MDC applies the mean vectors of each endmember
and calculates the Euclidean distance from each unknown
pixel to the mean vector for each class [25]. Table 3 shows their
accuracies.