it possible to take both avoiding rules under consideration,
without losing the advantages of accuracy and efficiency of the virtual particle model when evaluating wind energy yield. And also, the way to simulate the dependent region is developed by using reverse particle tracking,
which is highly compatible with the CFD calculations and the employed turbine wake flow model.
With the present method,
wake flow influences can be effectively reduced during the optimization process.
By introducing the dependent region technique,
the present method is able to produce better solution in less time than the previous bionic method.
Since the virtual particle wake flow model works for both uniform and nonuniform flow fields,
the present optimization method can also be applied to flat terrains and offshore wind farms.