Experiment was done using a method consists of some sections below.
(i) Research Type and Procedure
This research was conducted through several steps of preliminary study, planning, preliminary model
development, preliminary test, main model revision, field test, final model revision and model dissemination,
from Borg & Gall (1983). Furthermore, the model was validated and revised by some experts. The model was
tested by subjects in online practicum activities for 8 sessions. Based on the results of testing, the model is then
conducted into the final revision. The final stage of the model development is dissemination to potential users.
(ii) Research Subjects
The subjects were divided into two categories i.e. the subjects for preliminary testing and field testing. In
preliminary testing, the model was tested by four experts of learning multimedia, digital engineering, e-learning
and instructional design, respectively which were selected purposively. Meanwhile, the subjects of the field
testing were 10 instructors and 25 students of the Department of Electrical Engineering, which were participants
of the digital technique lecture/lesson.
(iii) Data, Instruments, and Data Collection Techniques
In this research, type of data is classified into three categories i.e. data for the purposes of analyses of: (1) the
experts judgement; (2) the learning impact; and (3) perception of the subjects to the developed model in the
instructional and presentation aspects. The instruments to measure data related to the expert judgement is a
questionnaire form. In this study, aspects of the experts validation includes: (1) identification of the problems;
(2) determination of priority in type and model manufacture; (3) determination of the program goals; (4)
structure and components of the model; and (5) instruments of the model. To obtain data for validation of the
lessons plan (one of the supporting intruments of the model), it was used a questionnaire containing aspects of:
(1) identity of the subjects matter; (2) basic competencies and indicators of the learning outcomes; (3) subject
matter; (4) students activities in the learning process; (5) lecturer activities in the teaching; (6) assessment of
learning; and (7) references. Data to validate the Digital Technique textbook were obtained through
questionnaire including aspects of: (1) cover; (2) basic competencies and objectives; (3) subject matter; (4)
graphics; (5) presentation; (6) language; (7) evaluation; and (8) references. Data related to the validation of the
manual for an online practicum for lecturers/instructors/students as well as the manual for breadboard simulator
were obtained through the questionnaires containing aspects of: (1) cover; (2) subject matters; (3) graphics; (4)
presentation; and (5) language. Meanwhile, data to validate the manual for digital technique practicum were
obtained through questionnaire with aspects of: (1) cover; (2) subject matters; (3) presentation; (4) language; and
(5) evaluation.
Test of the learning effect was done by using the data obtained through the pre-test and post-test instruments.
Pre-test instrument was given before a practical work and the post-test done. Both tests were done at each
practical work session. The instrument of perception test in an instructional aspect is questionnaire containing
some components of: (1) clarity of basic competences and goals; (2) clarity of the learning instructions; (3) ease
of understanding the subject matter of practicum; (4) the breadth and depth of the subject matter; (5) the
accuracy of the sequence of presentation; (6) interactivity; (7) flexibility; and (8) the accuracy of evaluation.
Data related to the perception test in the model presentation aspect were obtained through questionnaire containing some components of: (1) clarity of the instructions for use; (2) legibility; (3) quality of image and
animation; (4) composition of color; (5) quality of communication facilities; and (6) ease of operation.
(iv) Data Analysis Techniques
To find out the validity of the developed model, a Delphi technique was used based on the consensus accepted
by the experts. The consensus included the aspects of: (1) identification of the problem through a needs analysis;
(2) determination of priority (type and model manufacture); (3) determination of program objectives; and (4)
determination of the problem solution. Percentage of each aspect of the validation was predetermined before
analysis. To determine the feasibility of the model, some criteria were used as shown in Table 1. To determine
the effect of model developed, different test of average score between pre-test and post-test was used. Subject
perception was determined through descriptive analysis using percentage of criteria as tabulated in Table 1.