Notes: Sample is 519 firm-year observations for S&P/TSX composite index firms as of 1 September
2002 to 1 September 2005. Variable definitions: PMDA, performance-matched discretionary accruals
for each firm i at year t; Board, governance quality on board composition for firm i at year t; Comp,
governance quality on shareholding and compensation of board or management, for firm i at year t;
Share, governance quality on shareholder rights for firm i at year t; Disc, governance quality on
corporate governance disclosures for firm i at year t; Audit_S, indicator (1 if an auditor audits at least
20 percent of the industry revenue, and 0 otherwise); Audit_T, auditor tenure (measured as the number
of consecutive years that the client retained the same auditor since 1991); SIZE, logarithm of total
assets for firm i at year t; LEV, total liabilities to total assets for firm i at year t; AUDIT, indicator (1 for
big-five auditor, and 0 otherwise). * *Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level, two-tailed; *correlation
is significant at the 0.05 level, two-tailed
Notes: Sample is 519 firm-year observations for S&P/TSX composite index firms as of 1 September2002 to 1 September 2005. Variable definitions: PMDA, performance-matched discretionary accrualsfor each firm i at year t; Board, governance quality on board composition for firm i at year t; Comp,governance quality on shareholding and compensation of board or management, for firm i at year t;Share, governance quality on shareholder rights for firm i at year t; Disc, governance quality oncorporate governance disclosures for firm i at year t; Audit_S, indicator (1 if an auditor audits at least20 percent of the industry revenue, and 0 otherwise); Audit_T, auditor tenure (measured as the numberof consecutive years that the client retained the same auditor since 1991); SIZE, logarithm of totalassets for firm i at year t; LEV, total liabilities to total assets for firm i at year t; AUDIT, indicator (1 forbig-five auditor, and 0 otherwise). * *Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level, two-tailed; *correlationis significant at the 0.05 level, two-tailed
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..