Akbari et al. [8] compared single phase and three different
two-phase models to the model of laminar mixed convection of
Al2O3-water in a horizontal tube. They found that the predictions
obtained from the two-phase models were basically the same
and two-phase models yielded closer predictions of the convective
heat transfer coefficient to the experimental data than the
single-phase model.
Many studies have investigated the heat transfer optimization of
different thermal applications [9e16]. But, a few of themworked on
the heat transfer optimization of the corrugated channels. The heat
transfer optimization in a channel composed of a smooth and a
corrugated wall under laminar flow conditions has been studied by
Fabbri [17]. The numerical model is utilized in genetic algorithm
(GA) to maximize the heat transfer by optimizing the corrugation
profile. Some optimum corrugation profiles were presented.
Yang et al. [18] performed an optimization to design twodimensional
channel with heated wavy walls with nanofluid. The
effects of governing parameters on heat transfer enhancement such
as the Reynolds number (250 Re 1000), the particle volume
concentration (0% f 5%), the wavy channel amplitude
(0 a 0.3) and the wavy numbers (3 b 12) on the
enhancement of the nanofluid heat transfer have been investigated.
They obtained a solution to optimize the thermal performance of
the wavy channel.
In recent years, a new optimization technique called Artificial
Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm becomes more and more popular after
its development by Karaboga [19,20] in 2005, because of its capability
for handling practical engineering problems. ABC is a fast
convergent and easy handling algorithm, which has less control
parameters than most of the other existing meta-heuristic techniques.
This algorithm is applied to a wide spectrum of applications
such as neural networks design, industrial engineering, electrical
engineering, civil engineering and many others, as well as mechanical
engineering and fluid mechanics. For instance, Sahin et al.
[21] developed a new shell and tube heat exchanger optimization
design approach by applying Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm
to minimize the total cost of the equipments.
In the present study, the application of ABC algorithm is investigated
in order to maximize the thermal and hydraulic performance
of the forced convection of nanofluid in awavy channel with
a uniform wall temperature. The novelty of this study with respect
to the field of utilizing wavy channels can be viewed from the
utilization of an efficient optimization process, considering