Applications of System -4
Research and experimental studies conducted in a variety of organizations have convinced Likert about the validity of System-4 management for realizing high performance goals. He visualizes the possibility of all organizations practicing System 1,2 and 3 eventually shifting to System-4. Likert opines that his System-4 model provides a useful framework to guide all types of organization development efforts. He feels that uncoordinated and piecemeal efforts such as team building, Job enrichment, sensitivity training , participative decision-making and management by objectives will not pay high dividends unless they are integrated into an overall strategy of changing the management system. To guide the efforts of human resource development, the management system should possess the following characteristics.