แValue-added costs are the only costs that an organization should incur. The value-added standard calls for the complete elimination of non-value-added activities; for these activities,the optimal output is zero with zero cost.The value-added standard also calls for the complete elimination of the inefficiency of activities that are necessary but inefficiently carried out. Thus,value-added activities also have an optimal output level. A value -added standard,therefore,identifies the optimal activity output. Identifying the optimal activity output requires activity output measurement.
Setting value-added standards does not mean that they will be (or should be) achieved immediately. The idea of continuous improvement is to move toward the ideal,not to achieve it immediately.Workers (teams) can be rewarded for improvement.
objective 3
describe activity performance measurement.