“A PES scheme, simply stated, is a voluntary, conditional agreement between at least one ‘seller’ and one ‘buyer’ over a well-defined environmental service – or a land use presumed to produce that service” (Wunder 2005). Conservation incentives programs are analogous to PES programs in that the payments are conditional on pre-agreed behavior or outcomes, although they are not necessarily conditional on the provision of ecosystem services (FONAFIFO 2012). For instance, a program which seeks to provide ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and water provision but makes payments conditional on forest cover instead of on the level of ecosystem services provided (which is likely to be a more complex measurement) is a conservation incentive program.