Coello [64] and Deb [65,66] employed GA, whereas Lee and Geem
[67] used HS to solve this problem. Richardson’s random method,
Simplex method, Davidon-Fletcher-Powell, Griffith and Stewart’s
successive linear approximation are the mathematical approaches
that have been adopted by Ragsdell and Philips [68] for this problem.
The comparison results are provided in Table 10. The results
show that GWO finds a design with the minimum cost compared
to others.