It is probably because such an approach is cognitively demanding for low-level learners, and they feel there are
too many unrelated grammar points to learn all at once. The presentation of target grammar points in a se-
quential and organized fashion seems to be an important factor for teaching TOIEC grammar to low-level
learners. In this sense, the topic-oriented approach may be better for low-level TOEIC preparation courses
because such textbooks usually review one or two grammar points in each unit. This can scaffold low-
level students’ grammar learning more appropriately.