To investigate the extent of green supply chain initiatives adoptions, the study developed measures of each variable based on previous studies and self construct. In this study, green supply chain initiatives have three dimensions: eco-design, green purchasing, and reverse logistics. Following similar studies on green supply chain initiatives (e.g.,Vachon and Klassen, 2006a, Zhu, Sarkis & Lai, 2007),the study uses a 5-point Likert scale for all dimensions of green supply chain initiatives ranging from 1= not at all adopted to 5= very high extent of adoption. Operational definitions and measurement items for each dimension of green supply chain initiatives are illustrated below.