Cell wall structure is continually modified to accommodate the developmental stage and the environmental condition. The plant cell lays down the middle lamella and the primary wall during initial growth and expansion of the cell. In many cells, the wall is thickened and further strengthened by the addition of a secondary wall (Fig. 1). The primary wall is characterized by less relative cellulose and greater pectin compared to secondary walls. The primary wall is thought to contribute to wall structural integrity, cell adhesion, and signal transduction. The major fraction of primary wall non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the Type-I walls of dicot and non-graminaceous species are the pectic polysaccharides. It is the focus of this literature review to bring together the available knowledge of the fine structure, function, and biosynthesis of the pectic polysaccharides of the plant cell wall, with respect to plant growth and development