discovered in the 1950s at the Northern Regional Research Laboratories (NRRL) of the
United States Department of Agriculture (Margaritis and Zajic, 1978). The polysaccharide B-
1459, or xanthan gum, produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459
was extensively studied because of its properties that would allow it to supplement other
known natural and synthetic water-soluble gums. Extensive research was carried out in
several industrial laboratories during the 1960s, culminating in semicommercial production as
Kelzan1 by Kelco1. Substantial commercial production began in early 1964. Today, the
major producers of xanthan are Merck and Pfizer the United States, RhoÃne Poulenc and
Sanofi-Elf in France, and Jungbunzlauer in Austria.
Xanthan gum is a heteropolysaccharide with a primary structure consisting of repeated
pentasaccharide units formed by two glucose units, two mannose units, and one glucuronic
discovered in the 1950s at the Northern Regional Research Laboratories (NRRL) of theUnited States Department of Agriculture (Margaritis and Zajic, 1978). The polysaccharide B-1459, or xanthan gum, produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459was extensively studied because of its properties that would allow it to supplement otherknown natural and synthetic water-soluble gums. Extensive research was carried out inseveral industrial laboratories during the 1960s, culminating in semicommercial production asKelzan1 by Kelco1. Substantial commercial production began in early 1964. Today, themajor producers of xanthan are Merck and Pfizer the United States, RhoÃne Poulenc andSanofi-Elf in France, and Jungbunzlauer in Austria.Xanthan gum is a heteropolysaccharide with a primary structure consisting of repeatedpentasaccharide units formed by two glucose units, two mannose units, and one glucuronic
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