Statistics: Table 1 summarizes statistical data from both samples. The column “count
(%)” shows the number of pupils for each of the four product categories. It can easily
be seen in the totals of column “succ.” (success) that the expert group was more
successful in each of the three tasks; all these differences are statistically significant.7
Column “time” shows the mean amount of time (in decimals) required by the pupils.
The experts were faster in total and in every product category (except “Coasters”, cat.
4); these differences are significant for the “Number Series” and “Chess*” tasks.
In column “heu” are the mean numbers of heuristics coded in the processes for each
product category and in total. The novices use more heuristics compared to equally
successful experts (significant only for “Chess*”). For the novices, there is a medium
correlation between the use of heuristics and success (see Rott 2012 for details).