C. Methodology
20 g of dried shell or residue were contained in stainless steel column. The N2 was used as carrier gas
were varied on 50, 100 and 200 ml/min, the pyrolysis temperature were as 300, 350, 400 and 450 C since
the results from TGA (Thermal gravimetric analysis) showed the same significantly weight loss
percentage of shell and residue between 300-450 C as showed in Fig.2. Additional, the particle size of
dried shell was varied as 1.13 and 2.18 mm. Each condition was controlled at constant heating rate
10 C/min and pyrolysis time for 30 min. After pyrolysis time 30 min, the nitrogen was still flowed into
the column until the temperature monitor of controller showed the temperature lower than 100 C. Finally,
three products were bio oil, tar and charcoal were kept under non-humid condition and contained in
brown vial for anti-UV.