Health-improving effects of probiotics include resistance to gastrointestinal acid and bile, susceptibility against antibiotics, and having high anti-microbial activities. Therefore, probiotic charac- terization must be performed through standard in vitro
experiments [4,37,45,46]. Probiotics must tolerate inverse condi- tions (i.e., high bile salts [0.3% (w/v)] and low pH [pH 2.0 to pH 3.0]) for a minimum of 90 min