Nearly every area of applied physics and engineering
is involved in some aspect of nanomanufacturing.
Currently, each method fills a specific niche
in which it bests other approaches. By leveraging
the strengths of different technologies, researchers
are developing processes that combine multiple
techniques to write the highest-resolution masks
that can be projected or printed with high accuracy
and throughput. Clearly, the nanodevices of the future
will be built by optimizing and combining the
strengths of many technologies. There will never
again be a one-size-fits-all approach, as optical lithography
has been over the past four decades.