actually take some measure of dietary precursors or intake – are rarely available. Few studies been carried out in the specific context of healthy eating or obesity. Thus,there are no studies that explicitly aim to measure the effects of sales promotions on the consumption of energy-dense,nutrient-poor foods,relative to more nutri- tious foods like fruits and vegetables. No studies were identified on the effects of the promotions often used to target energy-dense,nutrient-poor foods to children and youth,such as collector and prize promotions (Table1). Nor are there any studies on the effect of sales promotions on “product substitution” between nutritious and less nutritious foods (Figure1). No studies were identified that examined whether people with unhealthy diets or overweight/obese people are more prone to respond to sales promotions. This lack of evidence is in con- trast with the large numbers of studies published in the health literature in the past few years on the effect of advertising on dietary behaviors among children,3–5 in addition to the extensive systematic reviews of the advertising-diet association published in 20036 (updated in 2007)7 and 2006.2