Two‐layercoatings Two-layercoatings,consistingofoneall- anionic and one all-cationic formulation, were applied onto the paper substrate. Four different protocols were tested. These four were defined by the order of addition (anionic or cationic as the first layer) and wet-on-dry or wet-on-wet coating pro- cedures. For wet-on-dry coatings, the first layer was air-dried for 2 min before applying the second coating. For wet-on-wet coatings, the second layer was applied within 5–10 s imme- diately after the first coating. The total coating weight for the two layers was the same 9 ± 2 g/m2 as was used for the single coatings. This was accomplished by using 6 mL of coating of formulation for each drawdown coating. The coating speed was 0.04 m/s, and clearance between the surface of the paper and rod was approximately 10 microns. A minimum of five samples were prepared for each of the 4 protocols.