Example 1
Complete the double replacement reaction and then reduce it to the net ionic equation.
NaOH(aq)+MgCl2(aq)→
First, predict the products of this reaction using knowledge of double replacement reactions (remember the cations and anions “switch partners”).
2NaOH(aq)+MgCl2(aq)→2NaCl+Mg(OH)2
Second, consult the solubility rules to determine if the products are soluble. Group 1 cations (Na+) and chlorides are soluble from rules 1 and 3 respectively, so NaCl will be soluble in water. However, rule 6 states that hydroxides are insoluble, and thus Mg(OH)2 will form a precipitate. The resulting equation is the following:
2NaOH(aq)+MgCl2(aq)→2NaCl(aq)+Mg(OH)2(s)
Third, separate the reactants into their ionic forms, as they would exist in an aqueous solution. Be sure to balance both the electrical charge and the number of atoms:
2Na+(aq)+2OH−(aq)+Mg2+(aq)+2Cl−(aq)→Mg(OH)2(s)+2Na+(aq)+2Cl−(aq)
Lastly, eliminate the spectator ions (the ions that occur on both sides of the equation unchanged). In this case, they are the sodium and chlorine ions. The final net ionic equation is:
Mg2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)→Mg(OH)2(s)
Example 2
Complete the double replacement reaction and then reduce it to the net ionic equation.
CoCl2(aq)+Na2SO4(aq)→
SOLUTION
The predicted products of this reaction are CoSO4 and NaCl. From the solubility rules, CoSO4 is soluble because rule 4 states that sulfates (SO2−4) are soluble. Similarly, we find that NaCl is soluble based on rules 1 and 3. After balancing, the resulting equation is as follows:
CoCl2(aq)+Na2SO4(aq)→CoSO4(aq)+2NaCl(aq)
Separate the species into their ionic forms, as they would exist in an aqueous solution. Balance the charge and the atoms. Cancel out all spectator ions (those that appear as ions on both sides of the equation.):
Co2- (aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + SO42-(aq) → Co2- (aq) + SO42-(aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
No precipitation reaction
This particular example is important because all of the reactants and the products are aqueous, meaning they cancel out of the net ionic equation. There is no solid precipitate formed; therefore, no precipitation reaction occurs.
Example 1Complete the double replacement reaction and then reduce it to the net ionic equation.NaOH(aq)+MgCl2(aq)→First, predict the products of this reaction using knowledge of double replacement reactions (remember the cations and anions “switch partners”).2NaOH(aq)+MgCl2(aq)→2NaCl+Mg(OH)2Second, consult the solubility rules to determine if the products are soluble. Group 1 cations (Na+) and chlorides are soluble from rules 1 and 3 respectively, so NaCl will be soluble in water. However, rule 6 states that hydroxides are insoluble, and thus Mg(OH)2 will form a precipitate. The resulting equation is the following:2NaOH(aq)+MgCl2(aq)→2NaCl(aq)+Mg(OH)2(s)Third, separate the reactants into their ionic forms, as they would exist in an aqueous solution. Be sure to balance both the electrical charge and the number of atoms:2Na+(aq)+2OH−(aq)+Mg2+(aq)+2Cl−(aq)→Mg(OH)2(s)+2Na+(aq)+2Cl−(aq)Lastly, eliminate the spectator ions (the ions that occur on both sides of the equation unchanged). In this case, they are the sodium and chlorine ions. The final net ionic equation is:Mg2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)→Mg(OH)2(s)Example 2Complete the double replacement reaction and then reduce it to the net ionic equation.CoCl2(aq)+Na2SO4(aq)→SOLUTIONThe predicted products of this reaction are CoSO4 and NaCl. From the solubility rules, CoSO4 is soluble because rule 4 states that sulfates (SO2−4) are soluble. Similarly, we find that NaCl is soluble based on rules 1 and 3. After balancing, the resulting equation is as follows:CoCl2(aq)+Na2SO4(aq)→CoSO4(aq)+2NaCl(aq)Separate the species into their ionic forms, as they would exist in an aqueous solution. Balance the charge and the atoms. Cancel out all spectator ions (those that appear as ions on both sides of the equation.):Co2- (aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + SO42-(aq) → Co2- (aq) + SO42-(aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + 2Cl-(aq)No precipitation reactionThis particular example is important because all of the reactants and the products are aqueous, meaning they cancel out of the net ionic equation. There is no solid precipitate formed; therefore, no precipitation reaction occurs.
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