ADDED VALUE
The Added Value approach in contrast to the other three approaches—was developed at a university, not at a consulting company. It is limited to measuring periodic financial performance and emphasizes the historic comparison of companies. Future valuation is not considered.
In contrast to the former two approaches, Added Value starts from value added to calculate added value.The connection between the two measures is Added Value = Value Added - Labor Costs - Capital Charge = Operating Profit - Capital Charge. The Added Value approach uses the following basic elements for the calculation of its key measure(s):
• Adjusted profit = operating profit
• Capital (or operating assets) = capital employed
• Rate of return = return on capital employed
(ROCE)
• Cost of capital = normal cost of capital