is the acquisition of inhibition rather than unlearning of conditioned excitation, and background contexts work by retrieving, signaling, or setting the occasion for the appropriate excitatory or inhibitory association. Specifically, the inhibitory association is gated by the extinction context and a release from that context would reduce activation of the inhibitory association and result in a relapse of responding. According to Rescorla (2001, 2002), the amount of inhibitory learning positively correlates with the response frequency during extinction. If we combined these two theories, any procedures that attenuate the occurrence of∗