Numerous studies have shown that a proper understanding of the NOS is essential for science literacy and
that NOS can be learnt best by the explicit approach (for some examples, see Abd-El-Khalick and Lederman
2000a; C.Donovan-White 2006; Khishfe and Abd-El-Khalick 2002; Lederman 2007; McComas 2000). Allchin
(2004) stated that “basic scientific concepts provide a framework. But one must also know about science – how
research is pursued, how conclusions are justified, even how scientists may sometimes error be shaped by
cultural biases”. For that reason, a more proper understanding of the aspects of NOS and of how to teach NOS
explicitly in Vietnam is in need.