There appeared to be a lack of clarity on (a) how to precisely define culture and diversity in
the teaching-learning context; (b) how to delineate the cultural variables that are critical to
include during learner analysis; (c) how to determine the expectations of the participants,
from the sponsors and the designers to the learners and the research community, as to how
much of the cultural analysis is necessary to be able to create a culturally competent design;
and (d) how to approach the cultural analysis process with no defined framework or model.