Chapters 9 to 13 thus take a more person-centered approach, exploring influences over and above the aspects of the environment examined so far. In addition to specific environmental features (Chaps. 4 to 8), we need to consider the judgments that individuals make in a particular situation, their baseline happiness, their demo-graphic characteristics such as gender or age, and dispositions such as relevant personality traits. Demographic characteristics are reviewed in chapter 10 and dispositional features in chapter 11. Chapter 12 examines the possible moderation of environmental impacts by personal characteristics; issues of person-environment fit and work values are explored in chapter 13. The present chapter looks primarily at judgment processes and variations in baseline happiness. In all cases, the emphasis of research publications has been on the first aspect of happiness, introduced in chapter 1 as subjective well-being. The second aspect, self-validation, has yet to be considered in these respects.