SUBJECTS: This study was a prospective clinical investigation.All study procedures were approved in advance ofthe study by the Institutional Review Board of the JohnsHopkins University School of Medicine and adhered tothe requirements of the Health Insurance Portability andAccountability Act. Informed consent was obtained fromall subjects. Study subjects between ages 18 and 65 wererecruited prospectively from the Wilmer Eye Institute atthe Johns Hopkins Hospital. Patients with acquired opticneuropathy (glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, opticneuritis, or compressive optic neuropathy) (n ¼ 22) wereincluded. Control subjects (n ¼ 18) had no ocular pathologyother than corrected refractive error and had no knownneurological disease.Individuals with best-corrected VA <20/200 at distanceor near equivalent or with congenital color vision deficitswere excluded (patients and controls). All subjects underwenta comprehensive eye examination, including assessmentof best-corrected Snellen acuity, pupillary response,and funduscopy.
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