Exercise has been found to be an effective and well-tolerated
treatment for knee OA [16,17]. Examining the effect
of quadriceps exercise on knee OA in 113 subjects ages
50–80, Maurer et al. [16] found that both exercise and an
educational intervention effected an overall improvement
(p < .05). Patients in the exercise group, however, had a
greater decrease in pain than those receiving an educational
intervention (p < .01 for pain change; p < .05 for
stair-associated pain at week 8). Similarly, Ettinger et al.
[17], working with 365 subjects age 60 or older, reported
an 8% lower pain score for the quadriceps-exercise group
than the educational-intervention group (p < .05).