We observed significant hastening of crop phenology (Figs. 2–4)
in both baseline and projected future climates, which is often a
reason for reduction in crop yields (Sadras and Monzon, 2006; Yang
et al., 2014). The duration from sowing to flowering and maturity
time are critical phenological stages (Sacks and Kucharik, 2011) and
there is a positive correlation between the length of photosynthetic
activity and the time spent on grain filling and eventual grain
yield (Bidinger et al., 1977; Gebbing et al., 1999).