Several studies have shown an increased risk of PIH
and PE in pregnancies with positive familial history
of PE.76,77 The latter implies a genetic predisposition.
Many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in
candidate genes of clotting factors, vascular growth
factors, vasoactive proteins, oxidative stress related
factors, immunoactive mediators and components of
the renin-angiotension-aldodterone system have been
associated with PE development