Within the international business (IB) discipline,these developments are reflected in a new conceptualization of the multinational corporation (MNC), emphasizing the capability perspectives, and particularly highlighting the notion of cross-border n value “co-creation” (Pitelis & Teece, 2010; Teece, 2014) and emerging MNC roles as “orchestrators” of the wider global value creation processes (Pitelis & Teece, 2010).