The fourth of the Five Precepts is to refrain from false speech. Buddhists need to advocate truthfulness, even when this means chal- lenging the status quo and a corrupt system that often violates this demand. Political and bureaucratic reforms, laws guaranteeing a free press, multiple political parties, and grassroots participation in democracy are required to establish and maintain this precept at a structural level. The fifth precept, to refrain from intoxication, is systematically violated by the widespread alcohol and drug trade. The use of alcohol widespread throughout the villages and in the urban areas leads to domestic violence and the plundering of hard-earned, meager wages needed to support families’ basic survival needs. The smuggling of drugs through and from Thailand has contributed to the worldwide drug problem, and this must be stopped. If a Buddhist liberation theology is to have any significant meaning for our contemporary society, Buddhists must reexamine the Five Precepts not just on a personal level but also at the structural level.