Nonetheless in other Indian traditions, Jainism teaches that the jīva experiences transmigration, being reborn in a new birth once one dies.
Like Buddhism, then, Jainism teaches that a jīva is subject to karma and thus rebirth without a supreme divinity authorizing this system.
Karma is self-operating; the gods have no say in how it progresses, as this is dependent on the individual’s own moral choices. Gods and humans are equally subject to karma.
Even though gods are born into a happier realm of existence, they are still ultimately ignorant, and therefore should aspire to liberation too.
Returning to the theme of human conduct, then, we can say that Jainism advocates a particular ethical approach to life geared towards nirvāṇa or release from saṃsāra. Good and reprehensible behavior are governed by the awareness that karma affects our future.