The precise role of β-carotene (except as provitamin A) and lycopene in infancy is uncertain, but they are known to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities, which may have implications for future cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammatory diseases, and cancer [9]. Dietary carotenoids are a major source of vitamin A, present as β-carotene and lycopene in breast milk [10]. As carotenoid supplementation in developing countries is problematic and expensive, it is important to evaluate possible ways of increasing the bioavailability of dietary carotenoids in human milk. Previous studies have shown an increase in milk β-carotene concentrations after supplementing healthy lactating women with β-carotene capsules [11]. We have shown that plasma and buccal mucosa levels increase significantly after ingestion of 30 mg/d of both lycopene and β-carotene [12]. In the present study, we measured the concentrations of β-carotene and lycopene in the breast milk of healthy, well-nourished, lactating women supplemented with fresh carrot or tomato paste. To the best of our knowledge, there are no published data concerning the bioavailability of carotenoids (mainly β-carotene and lycopene) in human breast milk from dietary supplementation with fresh carrot and tomato.