The next section of the paper looks at two critical kinds of accountability relations that are created under decentralization and their implications for how natural resources management and livelihoods the accountability, and the accountability of local government to local people. We then examine other institutional relations that change under decentralization the relations of different government agencies at the local level and their effect on natural resources management. We conclude with a section on the role of community mobilization in demanding good recommendations derived from the comparative study.