H
Examination procedures required to make an endodontic diagnosis (8)
Medical/dental history Past/recent treatment, drugs
Chief complaint (if any) How long, symptoms, duration of pain, location, onset, stimuli, relief,
referred, medications
Clinical exam Facial symmetry, sinus tract, soft tissue, periodontal status (probing,
mobility), caries, restorations (defective, newly placed?)
Clinical testing:
pulp tests Cold, electric pulp test, heat
periapical tests Percussion, palpation, Tooth Slooth (biting)
Radiographic analysis New periapicals (at least 2), bitewing, cone beam-computed tomography
Additional tests Transillumination, selective anesthesia, test cavity
istorically, there have been a variety of diagnostic classification systems advocated for determining endodontic disease (1).