Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of low molecular weight compounds extracted from plants
by steam distillation and various solvents. Terpenoids and phenylpropanoids are the major constituents
which provide characteristic aroma and biological properties to EOs. Essential oils are prescribed for a
variety of health problems by traditional systems of medicine, all over the world. Various pharmaceutical
and biological activities like, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, antiviral,
antiinflammatory, and antiprotozoal properties are assigned to them. Extensive phytochemical analysis
has lead to the characterization and identification of major components of EOs which are of wide interest,
especially to cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Current status of the bio-active properties of EOs
and their medicinal potential are covered in this review.
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