Methanol and ethanol and/or aqueous methanol and ethanol
are also good solvents for the extraction of bio-active principles
from CS. These alcoholic extracts are rich in very potent
bio-actives like nucleosides, polysaccharides, proteins. Etha-
nolic extract shows strong anti-oxidant activity (Yamaguchi
et al., 2000b), preserve b-cell function and offer renoprotection
(Kan et al., 2012). Methanolic extract obtained from culture
liquid of CS also showed cytotoxic effect against cancer
cell lines (Jia et al., 2009). More about pharmacological effects
of these extracts as such or purified fractions of extracts are
discussed in later section.