Tubbs and Schulz (2006) suggest that practitioners and professors of leadership must understand and be able to teach and apply a well-defined set of competencies to their employees or students. Without this well-defined set of competencies there can may be some growth in the area of leadership, but it will be hit and miss at best. With competencies there can be learning and application in a systematic way that leads to meeting and exceeding organizational goals (Tubbs & Schulz).