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•Meniere’s disease an inner ear disorder thought to be caused by a buildup of fluid and changing pressure in the ear
•The main problem of patients with glaucoma is raised intraocular pressure
•Hyphema the collection of blood inside the front part of the eye called the anterior chamber, between the cornea and the iris
•Diabetic Retinopathy usually affects both eyes that is a result from the damage to the tiny blood vessels that nourish the retina
•Causes of raised intraocular pressure.
1. Blockage at the drainage at the trabecular meshwork (in open angle glaucoma)
2. Narrowing of the angle of drainage (in angle closure glaucoma)
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Glaucoma has been called the "silent thief of sight" because the loss of vision often occurs gradually over a long period of time, and symptoms only occur when the disease is quite advanced
•Cholesteatoma is an important cause of conductive hearing loss that is locally destructive but benign in growth.
•Otitis media any inflammation of the middle ear, without reference to etiology or pathogenesis
•Types of hearing loss
1. Conductive hearing loss
2. Sensorineural hearing loss
3. Mixed hearing loss
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•Genetic linkage analyses is done when blood samples are collected in order to study the inheritance patterns within families that have members diagnosed with schizophrenia
•The area of brain shown to have physical differences in people with bipolar disorder when compared to those without a mental illness is the amygdala.
•In Schizophrenia a reality-monitoring deficit refers to problems distinguishing between what actually occurred and what did not.
•Primary narcissism theory - psychosis is caused by regression to a previous ego state.
major mediators of the symptoms of anxiety disorders
1. Norepinephrine
2. Serotonin
3. Dopamine
4. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)