Despite the fact that we live in an era of advanced and innovative technologies for elucidating underlying
mechanisms of diseases and molecularly designing new drugs, infectious diseases continue to be one of the
greatest health challenges worldwide. The main drawbacks for conventional antimicrobial agents are the
development of multiple drug resistance and adverse side effects. Drug resistance enforces high dose
administration of antibiotics, often generating intolerable toxicity, development of new antibiotics, and requests
for significant economic, labor, and time investments. Recently, nontraditional antibiotic agents have been of
tremendous interest in overcoming resistance that is developed by several pathogenic microorganisms against
most of the commonly used antibiotics. Especially, several classes of antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs) and
nanosized carriers for antibiotics delivery have proven their effectiveness for treating infectious diseases,
including antibiotics resistant ones, in vitro as well as in animal models. This review summarizes emerging efforts
in combating against infectious diseases, particularly using antimicrobial NPs and antibiotics delivery systems as
new tools to tackle the current challenges in treating infectious diseases