However, only qualitative or semi-quantitative detections can be conducted and the color observation may be affected by many conditions, such as tem- perature, humidity, the laboratory technicians and light contrast of the surroundings, which have limited its wider application.
In order to obtain portable and quantitative DNA detection methods by using naked eyes, expensive or customized portable spectro-meters are still needed. Therefore, it is still a great challenge to develop portable and quantitative DNA detection method which is easily available to the public and with accessible resources at home.