To implement ABC, Plastim' managers follow the seven-step approach to costing and the three guidelines for refining costing system (increase direct-cost tracing, create homogeneous indirect-cost pools, and identify cost-allocation bases that have cause-and-effect relationship with cost pool). Exhibit 5-3 shows an overview of Plastim's ABC system. Use this exhibit as a guide as you study the following steps, each of which is market in Exhibit 5-3.