When people—trained or not—volunteer to rescue, they become legally bound
to take reasonable care in finishing what they have started. In one case, an 80-
year-old woman had a stroke while she was shopping at a department store. A salesclerk
led her to the store infirmary and left her unattended for six hours. By the time
help arrived, her condition was irreparably aggravated, and the store was held liable
for failing to carry through on the rescue attempt.7 Liability is imposed in this kind
of case for making a bad situation worse: The person in trouble may be lulled into a
false sense of security, believing they will be helped, and other would-be rescuers
may not realize assistance is needed.
Another exception to the “no duty to rescue” rule applies when a person has
endangered another, even indirectly, or has participated in creating a dangerous situation.
When professionals in a mental institution release a violent psychotic without
taking measures to make certain he will be properly medicated, they may be
putting members of the public in danger. When organizers of a rock concert sell
general admission tickets to a performance of a wildly popular group and do not
provide lane control, they may be held responsible for the fatal result as fans are
suffocated in the crush to gain entry.
Finally, a set of exceptions is triggered when there is a “special relationship” between
the person who needs help and the person who must take responsible action.
Special relationships may be based on their custodial, rather intimate nature, such as
that between a parent and child or between a teacher and young pupils. Or such
relationships may exist because of an economic connection, such as that between
an employer and employees or between a provider of public transportation and its
passengers. In either type, the relationship involves a degree of dependency. The law
allows those who are dependent to expect reasonable protection from harm and
requires the more powerful to provide it. A father must make some effort to save
his drowning infant, and a city transportation system must take reasonable steps to
protect its subway riders from criminal attacks.
When people—trained or not—volunteer to rescue, they become legally boundto take reasonable care in finishing what they have started. In one case, an 80-year-old woman had a stroke while she was shopping at a department store. A salesclerkled her to the store infirmary and left her unattended for six hours. By the timehelp arrived, her condition was irreparably aggravated, and the store was held liablefor failing to carry through on the rescue attempt.7 Liability is imposed in this kindof case for making a bad situation worse: The person in trouble may be lulled into afalse sense of security, believing they will be helped, and other would-be rescuersmay not realize assistance is needed.Another exception to the “no duty to rescue” rule applies when a person hasendangered another, even indirectly, or has participated in creating a dangerous situation.When professionals in a mental institution release a violent psychotic withouttaking measures to make certain he will be properly medicated, they may beputting members of the public in danger. When organizers of a rock concert sellgeneral admission tickets to a performance of a wildly popular group and do notprovide lane control, they may be held responsible for the fatal result as fans aresuffocated in the crush to gain entry.Finally, a set of exceptions is triggered when there is a “special relationship” betweenthe person who needs help and the person who must take responsible action.ความสัมพันธ์พิเศษอาจจะยึดธรรมชาติของพวกเขาค่อนข้างใกล้ชิด custodial เช่นที่ ระหว่างแม่และลูก หรือ ระหว่างครูและนักเรียนหนุ่ม หรือเช่นความสัมพันธ์อาจมีอยู่เนื่องจากเศรษฐกิจเชื่อม เช่นระหว่างนายจ้างและพนักงานหรือ ระหว่างผู้ให้บริการขนส่งสาธารณะและผู้โดยสาร ในชนิด ความสัมพันธ์ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับระดับของการอ้างอิง กฎหมายช่วยให้ผู้ขึ้นอยู่กับการคาดหวังการป้องกันอันตรายที่เหมาะสม และต้องมีประสิทธิภาพเพื่อให้ พ่อต้องทำบางอย่างพยายามบันทึกเด็กจมน้ำของเขา และระบบขนส่งเมืองต้องใช้ขั้นตอนที่เหมาะสมเพื่อปกป้องผู้ขับขี่ของรถไฟใต้ดินจากการโจมตีทางอาญา
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