The data gathered show clearly a high
resource dependence by the NSOs on the
state. This demonstrates that they are not
self-contained and are required to interact
with external elements in order to obtain the
necessary resources for survival.
Pfeffer and Salancik (1978) state that interdependencies
between organizations vary
with the importance of the resources for the
dependent organization and create problems
of uncertainty or unpredictability. The magnitude
of the monetary resource exchange
with the GSS in combination with the criticality
of the input to the NSOs’ survival creates
increased organizational vulnerability, especially
when resources are scarce and unpredictably
allocated. As a result, the NSOs’
management is expected to engage in activities
which ensure access to resources rather
than facilitating performance or effcient operation
in their sport.
The performance results presented in
Table 1 suggest that the majority of NSOs
demonstrate low performance in terms of
conventional outputs. Conrming this evidence,
the qualitative information indicates
that low performance is attributed to the lack
of appropriate direction in the technical
domains of NSOs’ activity. Furthermore, the
absence of any performance incentives or
normative expectation for effectiveness in
operation results from the role of the funding
agency. Consequently, NSOs have been slow
to adopt rational managerial practices (e.g.
goal clarity, planning, sufcient decisionmaking
structures, reliance on professional
advice, etc.) which would facilitate better
performance.
The qualitative information indicates that
the performance of NSOs is currently caught
between two conicting environments,
which Scott and Meyer (1991) dene as the
technical and institutional environments. On
the one hand, the nature of the services
provided by the NSOs and the sport environment
(in both the excellence and the development
sector) call for professional
The data gathered show clearly a high
resource dependence by the NSOs on the
state. This demonstrates that they are not
self-contained and are required to interact
with external elements in order to obtain the
necessary resources for survival.
Pfeffer and Salancik (1978) state that interdependencies
between organizations vary
with the importance of the resources for the
dependent organization and create problems
of uncertainty or unpredictability. The magnitude
of the monetary resource exchange
with the GSS in combination with the criticality
of the input to the NSOs’ survival creates
increased organizational vulnerability, especially
when resources are scarce and unpredictably
allocated. As a result, the NSOs’
management is expected to engage in activities
which ensure access to resources rather
than facilitating performance or effcient operation
in their sport.
The performance results presented in
Table 1 suggest that the majority of NSOs
demonstrate low performance in terms of
conventional outputs. Conrming this evidence,
the qualitative information indicates
that low performance is attributed to the lack
of appropriate direction in the technical
domains of NSOs’ activity. Furthermore, the
absence of any performance incentives or
normative expectation for effectiveness in
operation results from the role of the funding
agency. Consequently, NSOs have been slow
to adopt rational managerial practices (e.g.
goal clarity, planning, sufcient decisionmaking
structures, reliance on professional
advice, etc.) which would facilitate better
performance.
The qualitative information indicates that
the performance of NSOs is currently caught
between two conicting environments,
which Scott and Meyer (1991) dene as the
technical and institutional environments. On
the one hand, the nature of the services
provided by the NSOs and the sport environment
(in both the excellence and the development
sector) call for professional
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