review after examining the studies’ full texts. The following
criteria were used in sorting the initial search results to select
studies for further critiquing:
■■ Studies where patients undergo preoperative assessment
■■ Studies where patients undergo elective surgery
■■ Studies examining patient anxiety levels and psychological
interventions
■■ Studies in English
■■ Studies using adult patients only as their study sample
■■ Studies measuring or examining preoperative anxiety
■■ Studies reporting primary research.