Just as CBT and other second wave cognitive therapies have been shown effective in
treating PTSD symptoms, third wave cognitive techniques based on mindfulness and meditation
are gaining evidence in their effectiveness as well. Mindfulness was defined by Jon Kabat-Zinn
as “paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and
nonjudgmentally” (1994). The practice includes a variety of techniques and skills used to attend
to present moment thoughts, emotions, and experiences without judgment. These skills are often
taught to clients as tools to help manage symptoms and are to be practiced often