for anaerobic bacteria [51]. However, the adsorption capacity depends on microbial total biomass and
geochemistry of the system. Some oxyanions of metals do not interact with microbes, and their
bioremediation is based on their catalyzed redox conversion to insoluble forms. These reduction or
oxidation reactions take place due to enzymatic activity and biomass concentration of microbes.
Microorganisms have a great deal of undiscovered and unexplored potential for remediation of soil
pollutants and increasing the production of agricultural crops with low input. Selection of rhizospheric
microbes should be done based on an understanding of mechanisms involved in the adsorption and
mobilization of heavy metals and trace elements in the soil to restore soil health. Microorganisms as
metal accumulators possess an inherent novel remediation property for toxic metals in the soil. The study
of genetics of such metal accumulator microorganisms can help us to transfer the traits in the microbes
that are missing through the development of microarrays, which result in differentially expressed
microbe genes.