As can be seen in Table 4 on comparisons between the massage
and the waitlist control groups on the adapted Short Physical Performance
Battery measures significant group by time (last versus
first day) interaction effects were revealed suggesting that the
massage versus the waitlist control group experienced the
following changes (see Table 4): 1) decreased sitting pain (F ¼ 6.59,
p < .05); 2) decreased standing on 1 leg pain for the massage group
while that pain increased for the waitlist control group (F ¼ 5.69,
p < .05); and 3) decreased seconds walking the 8 foot distance for
the massage group (F ¼ 32.85, p < .001).