According to the investigation, Chi

According to the investigation, Chile scored very differently from England (2) in all four
dimensions; only on Power Distance both countries are not in complete opposite sides.
On Power Distance (PD), Chile scored 63 and England 35. The extreme values are 11 and
104. In terms of position, Chile is situated 24/25, and England is 42/44 out of 53 countries. The
Chilean position on the scale is roughly in the middle, near some other Latin American countries
Revista Mad. No.7. Septiembre 2002. Departamento de Antropología. Universidad de Chile
http://rehue.csociales.uchile.cl/publicaciones/mad/07/paper08.pdf
4
as Uruguay, Colombia and Salvador, whereas England is near to the low power distance
extreme.
In practical terms this should mean that English people going to Chile, or relating with Chileans,
should find more hierarchical structures, as well as people more dependent on this hierarchy. As
will be discussed later (3), Chilean culture presents a great deal of paternalism. Perhaps
because English society is a society of class distinctions as well, this is the reason that both
countries do not score on completely opposite extremes. In their own way, the English also
accept there are differences among them.
English people should also find Chileans lacking in autonomy and not willing to assume
responsibilities. It is good to remember though, that a low or high score only means a relative
position for one country in relation to the other.
On Individualism/Collectivism (IDV), Chile scored 23, England 89, and the extreme values are
6 and 91. Chile is positioned 38th, and England 3rd out of 53 countries. According to this, there is
a great difference between English individualism and the more collectivist approach of the
Chileans. At this point, the influence that the family has on Latin American countries is already
clear. The family is extremely important for Chileans, and is one of the things that surprises most
English people living in Chile.
English people moving to Chile should find the need to create and nurture a relationship in order
to be more effective. The individualistic approach of “I do my job, so I assume others will do the
same” is not valid in countries like Chile, where a good relationship virtually guarantees that the
job will be done. The English should also feel a big difference in terms of how Chileans are more
involved with their jobs in an emotional way.
On Masculinity/Femininity (MAS), Chile scored 28 and England 66; virtually opposite extremes
of a scale that goes from 95 to 5, where the higher the score, the more Masculine the society. In
terms of position, Chile is the 46th, and England is 9/10 out of 53 countries.
The position of the two countries, especially Chile, may seem illogical to many people, especially
if we remember the image of ‘macho Latino’ that Latin American countries tend to have. For this
image, it would make more sense to be closer to Mexico (score of 69 and 6th position). The truth
of the matter is that this dimension is thought to be more problematic than the previous two. It
has been argued that this dimension can be divided into at least two new dimensions. The
strange position of all Latin American countries, distributed all over the scale, might confirm that
the dimension is not completely clear. Nonetheless, Chilean society in particular has a great deal
of influence from its Indian groups, especially Mapuches (4). For the Mapuches, the role of the
women is extremely important, and they live in a kind of matriarchal society.
On Uncertainty Avoidance (UA), Chile scored 86 and England 35; the extreme values are 8
and 112. In terms of position, Chile is situated 10/15, and England is 47/48 out of 53 countries.
Again, according to these figures both countries are roughly in opposite extremes on the scale.
As a result, the English should expect their Chilean colleagues to be reluctant to change, as will
be seen in the next chapter. This reluctance to change is also reflected in them being more loyal
to their jobs (Rodríguez, 1991 and 1999).
One area that is not clear is that according to Hofstede (1980 and 1991), the people from a
society with a higher uncertainty avoidance index (UAI), should strongly abide by the rules. This
is not true in the case of Chileans. Despite having a high UAI, Chileans, like the majority of Latin
Revista Mad. No.7. Septiembre 2002. Departamento de Antropología. Universidad de Chile
http://rehue.csociales.uchile.cl/publicaciones/mad/07/paper08.pdf
5
American cultures, feel comfortable breaking rules. However, it is true that the country has lots
of rules, and many of them are obsolete and impractical (5).
So far, the relative position given by Hofstede’s study to Chile and England has been discussed.
Though it is true these positions were based on a survey done a long time ago, culture changes
very slowly (Hickson, 1995). Moreover, the positions given by Hofstede’s study are relative. As
change is a given for all societies, and globalis

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1:

ตามสืบสวน ชิลีทำประตูมากแตกต่างจากอังกฤษ (2) ทั้งสี่ขนาด เท่ากับพลังงานระยะทั้งสองประเทศไม่ในสมบูรณ์ตรงข้ามกับด้านบนไฟระยะ (PD), ชิลีคะแนน 63 และอังกฤษ 35 ค่าสุดขีดคือ 11 และ104. ในแง่ของตำแหน่ง ชิลีที่อยู่ 24/25 และอังกฤษเป็น 42/44 จาก 53 ประเทศ การตำแหน่งชิลีบนเครื่องชั่งคือประมาณกลาง ใกล้บางประเทศเมริกา Revista Mad. No.7 Septiembre 2002 อาเดอ Antropología Universidad de ชิลีhttp://rehue.csociales.uchile.cl/publicaciones/mad/07/paper08.pdf4อุรุกวัย โคลัมเบีย และซัลวา ดอร์ ในขณะที่อังกฤษมีระยะทางพลังงานต่ำสุดขีดในทางปฏิบัติ นี้ควรหมายถึง คนอังกฤษที่ไปชิลี หรือเกี่ยวข้องกับ Chileansควรพบโครงสร้างแบบลำดับชั้นมากขึ้น เป็นขึ้นเพิ่มเติมในลำดับชั้นนี้ เป็นจะกล่าวในภายหลัง (3) ชิลีวัฒนธรรมนำเสนอมากของ paternalism บางทีเพราะสังคมอังกฤษเป็นสังคมของความแตกต่างระดับเช่นกัน นี่คือเหตุผลที่ทั้งสองประเทศไม่คะแนนบนสุดขั้วตรงข้ามอย่างสิ้นเชิง ในทางของตัวเอง ภาษาอังกฤษยังยอมรับมีความแตกต่างในหมู่พวกเขาคนอังกฤษจะพบ Chileans ขาดอิสระ และไม่เต็มใจที่จะยังความรับผิดชอบ ไม่ให้จำไว้ว่า ว่า คะแนนต่ำ หรือสูงเพียงหมาย ญาติตำแหน่งสำหรับประเทศหนึ่งสัมพันธ์กับอีกOn Individualism/Collectivism (IDV), Chile scored 23, England 89, and the extreme values are6 and 91. Chile is positioned 38th, and England 3rd out of 53 countries. According to this, there isa great difference between English individualism and the more collectivist approach of theChileans. At this point, the influence that the family has on Latin American countries is alreadyclear. The family is extremely important for Chileans, and is one of the things that surprises mostEnglish people living in Chile.English people moving to Chile should find the need to create and nurture a relationship in orderto be more effective. The individualistic approach of “I do my job, so I assume others will do thesame” is not valid in countries like Chile, where a good relationship virtually guarantees that thejob will be done. The English should also feel a big difference in terms of how Chileans are moreinvolved with their jobs in an emotional way.On Masculinity/Femininity (MAS), Chile scored 28 and England 66; virtually opposite extremesof a scale that goes from 95 to 5, where the higher the score, the more Masculine the society. Interms of position, Chile is the 46th, and England is 9/10 out of 53 countries.The position of the two countries, especially Chile, may seem illogical to many people, especiallyif we remember the image of ‘macho Latino’ that Latin American countries tend to have. For thisimage, it would make more sense to be closer to Mexico (score of 69 and 6th position). The truthof the matter is that this dimension is thought to be more problematic than the previous two. Ithas been argued that this dimension can be divided into at least two new dimensions. Thestrange position of all Latin American countries, distributed all over the scale, might confirm thatthe dimension is not completely clear. Nonetheless, Chilean society in particular has a great dealof influence from its Indian groups, especially Mapuches (4). For the Mapuches, the role of thewomen is extremely important, and they live in a kind of matriarchal society.On Uncertainty Avoidance (UA), Chile scored 86 and England 35; the extreme values are 8and 112. In terms of position, Chile is situated 10/15, and England is 47/48 out of 53 countries.Again, according to these figures both countries are roughly in opposite extremes on the scale.As a result, the English should expect their Chilean colleagues to be reluctant to change, as willbe seen in the next chapter. This reluctance to change is also reflected in them being more loyalto their jobs (Rodríguez, 1991 and 1999).One area that is not clear is that according to Hofstede (1980 and 1991), the people from asociety with a higher uncertainty avoidance index (UAI), should strongly abide by the rules. Thisis not true in the case of Chileans. Despite having a high UAI, Chileans, like the majority of Latin Revista Mad. No.7 Septiembre 2002 อาเดอ Antropología Universidad de ชิลีhttp://rehue.csociales.uchile.cl/publicaciones/mad/07/paper08.pdf5วัฒนธรรมอเมริกัน รู้สึกสบายทำลายกฎ อย่างไรก็ตาม มันเป็นความจริงว่า ประเทศที่มีจำนวนมากกฎ และมากของพวกเขาจะล้าสมัย และทำไม่ได้ (5)ฉะนี้ ตำแหน่งสัมพันธ์ที่ให้ โดยการศึกษาของไร Hofstede ชิลีและอังกฤษได้มีการหารือแม้ว่ามันจะจริง ตำแหน่งเหล่านี้จากการสำรวจทำนานมาแล้ว การเปลี่ยนแปลงวัฒนธรรมช้ามาก (Hickson, 1995) นอกจากนี้ ตำแหน่งที่ได้รับจากการศึกษาของไร Hofstede จะสัมพันธ์กัน เป็นเปลี่ยนเป็นการกำหนดสำหรับสังคม และ globalis