has been characterized by collaboration, interoperability, and conformance to open standards in contrast to the foundational ethos of the Internet. In a manner foreshadowed by proprietary mobile phone ecosystems, the IoT/IIoT space is emerging as a new "wild west" in which competing, closed silos have emerged. Each silo is vying to lock in a maximal share of the expected huge market by providing a full, closed, proprietary stack providing full vertical integration between the "things" in the field and the integrated cloud services that make them useful.